Common Network Protocols Explained

By Mark D. Albin, MS

Understanding Common Network Protocols

Network protocols are the backbone of internet communications, facilitating the exchange of data between devices and systems. In this article, we'll delve into eight common network protocols that power the web: HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, TCP, IP, UDP, SMTP, and SSH.

HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol)

HTTP is the protocol that powers the web. It enables the transfer of hypertext (HTML files, images, etc.) between a client and a server. HTTP operates over TCP/IP and provides a set of rules for how requests and responses should be formatted and transmitted.

Source: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Overview

HTTPS (HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure)

HTTPS is an extension of HTTP that adds an extra layer of security by encrypting the data exchanged between the client and server. It is commonly used in online transactions and confidential communications.

Source: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Overview

FTP (File Transfer Protocol)

FTP is used for transferring files between computers on a network. It operates over TCP/IP and provides a way to move files reliably and efficiently.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_Transfer_Protocol

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

TCP is one of the main protocols within the TCP/IP suite, designed for reliable, ordered, and error-checked delivery of data. It's used by many internet services like HTTP, FTP, and SMTP.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol

IP (Internet Protocol)

IP is the principal set of rules for sending and receiving data over the Internet. It provides the basic mechanism for routing packets of data from source to destination.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Protocol

UDP (User Datagram Protocol)

UDP is a simpler, connectionless Internet protocol. Unlike TCP, it does not guarantee delivery, order, or error checking, making it faster but less reliable. It's commonly used in streaming services and online gaming.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_Datagram_Protocol

SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)

SMTP is the protocol used for sending emails. It operates over TCP/IP and provides a reliable mechanism for mail delivery between mail servers.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_Mail_Transfer_Protocol

SSH (Secure Shell)

SSH is used for secure remote login and other secure network services. It provides strong encryption and authentication, replacing less secure access protocols like Telnet.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secure_Shell_Protocol

We hope this guide offers a clear understanding of these common network protocols and their roles in making the Internet what it is today.

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